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Scientists Reveal How Mosquitoes Are Able to Smell Humans Even Without Antennae_我的网站

A | 8月24日,深圳华大智造科技股份有限公司(以下简称“华大智造”,股票代码:688114)召开中期业绩交流会,就AI贯穿三大业务线的落地场景、时空组学前沿领域应用等进行深入解读。 Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。管理层表示,AI驱动下,公司已构建起“数据入口—执行基座—智能闭环”的三层架构。

B | 子公司涌生智能ProtoPilot自进化多智能体系统,已经服务于蛋白质与酶设计、血液前处理与PBMC分离等AI4S生命科学场景。与此同时,年初两项并购的协同价值加速兑现,时空组学持续落地生命大模型、脑科学、病理研究与AI药物发现等前沿领域,纳米孔测序依托RNA直测优势加速赋能相关研发与业务拓展。 根据华大智造投资者关系活动记录表披露的内容,公司管理层在会上释放了人工智能从辅助工具升级为贯穿三大业务线核心驱动力、行业结构性升级机遇凸显等信号,以下为纪要中披露的核心内容: 问:过去几年,公司在AI应用上持续布局,现阶段AI已落地应用于哪些业务板块,具体赋能方向或场景有哪些? 答:公司于2025年下半年,将原有三大业务线全面升级为全读长测序(SEQALL)、智能自动化(GLI)和多组学(OMICS),人工智能已从辅助工具升级为贯穿三大业务线的核心驱动力。

C | 在全读长测序领域,公司已将AI全面应用于测序酶筛选、性能提升等核心环节,G10-FR融合生成式AI与自发光生化技术,实现最快2小时闪速测序,达到行业领先水平;2025年发布的T1+测序仪内置生信计算模块,支持自动化高级分析;2026年上半年全新发布的CycloneSEQ-S1测序芯片应用了公司最新的AI算法,实现测序准确度与芯片通量的双重跃升,并支持长读长及直接甲基化测序;此外,公司与Google联合发布了基于DNBSEQ数据训练的AI变异检测模型,最高可降低73%的假阳性率,准确度达到世界领先水平。 在智能自动化领域,公司构建了“AI大脑+智能四肢”的完整体系:已发布PrimeGen干湿协同多智能体系统以大语言模型为中枢,将从引物设计到实验执行的全流程转化为标准化自动方案;αLabStudio平台通过数字孪生实现异构设备的原子级精准控制与智能排产;在PrepALL液体处理平台、Smart8移液机器人等自动化设备方面,深度融合精密控制与AI视觉算法,助力用户在实验及文库构建环节实现提质增效;GLI业务板块已落地香港浸会大学智惠实验室、北京脑科学与类脑研究所全自动无人化黑灯实验室等标杆项目,高通量酶筛选平台的筛选成功率较传统方法提升3倍。 在多组学领域,AI 已广泛应用于单细胞、时空组学及影像诊断等方向:DNBelab C 为全球首个全流程无人值守单细胞文库制备平台,推动单细胞测序走向规模化与标准化;FluoXpert Vision 图像分析平台集成大模型,支持以自然语言指令处理病理统计数据,加速病理 AI 落地;掌上超声诊断仪内嵌AI 辅助诊断系统,可自动识别病灶。2026 年上半年,公司多组学业务板块收入同比增44.91%,除科研需求增加外,另一核心驱动力在于AI 大模型对多组学数据解析的依赖日益加深,模型训练与迭代对高质量数据的刚性需求,正持续向上游传导,带动单细胞测序、时空组学等数据采集平台的规模化部署。

D | 为进一步加速人工智能部署,公司于2026年上半年设立全资子公司涌生智能,其联合上海人工智能实验室发布的ProtoPilot自进化多智能体系统,首次打通从自然语言实验需求到湿实验物理执行的全链路干湿闭环,将“生命科学实验室的PhysicalAI”概念真正落地,覆盖方案理解与设计、Protocol/SOP生成、智能排产与多设备协同、自动化代码生成、视觉识别与质量控制、实验数据回流及策略迭代等能力,推动实验流程从单点自动化向方案设计、设备执行与结果反馈贯通的闭环升级。

E | 这一能力不仅服务于测序场景,也在AI4S生命科学场景中广泛延伸,目前已赋能蛋白质与酶设计、定向进化、血液前处理与PBMC分离、植物基因编辑、质谱方法开发等流程,并向运动医学、精准健康、海洋生物智造等新兴领域拓展,推动生命科学实验室从经验驱动迈向数据驱动、智能决策与持续优化演进。

F | 整体而言,公司已构建起“数据入口—执行基座—智能闭环”的三层架构:全读长测序与多组学是数据入口,智能自动化是执行基座,涌生智能是智能闭环的最终落脚点,三层架构协同以产生更多数据从而反哺实验智能化,并以实验智能化进一步带动自动化业务发展,形成正向飞轮。未来,涌生智能也将成为公司面向人工智能战略布局的重要方向。 问:公司收购深圳三箭齐发、杭州序风两家子公司后,目前双方业务落地进展如何?相关业务协同效应已在业绩端形成哪些实际贡献? 答:深圳三箭齐发在时空组学领域具备领先的技术能力,其时空组学(Stereo-seq)技术在分辨率与视场方面处于国际前列;主营的时空试剂盒与公司测序仪深度绑定,试剂盒收入与测序产品收入的带动比例约为3:1,协同效应显著。

G | 2026年以来,时空组学在多个前沿领域的应用需求持续涌现,主要体现在三个方面:一是生命大模型领域,已有多家机构利用时空组学的全组学能力开展生命大模型训练,包括与华南理工大学共建数基生命时空计算创新研究平台;二是脑科学领域,已与上海脑科学与类脑研究中心等单位形成标杆性合作案例;三是病理研究与AI药物发现领域,已与中山大学附属第六医院、中南大学芙蓉实验室等机构落地成功案例。2026年下半年,深圳三箭齐发研发团队将进一步加大新产品开发力度,例如空间免疫组库技术、基于芯片的单细胞技术(Stereo-cell)等将陆续上市,持续助力公司在多组学领域的能力拓展。深圳三箭齐发本年度承担业绩承诺,公司将持续推进相关业务落地。 杭州序风的纳米孔测序仪(CycloneSEQ系列)具有长读长、单分子测序、实时数据获取及原生DNA/RNA信息检测等技术特点。

H | 科研领域可应用于复杂基因组denovo组装、结构变异解析、单倍型分型、全长转录组及表观遗传研究等;医学及临床转化领域则可应用于病原体快速检测、复杂遗传变异分析、家系及胚胎遗传分析以及现场移动监测等场景。其长读长能够跨越重复序列、复杂结构区域及多个遗传变异位点,与短读长测序平台在通量、准确率和复杂区域解析能力方面形成互补。自并入华大智造以来,“短读长+长读长”的协同效应已在多个领域形成成功案例:在科研领域,围绕基因组、转录组、表观组等方向,与北京大学、复旦大学等国内高校在人群队列、动植物与农业研究中展开合作;在临床领域,CycloneSEQ在病原监测方向优势显著,2026年上半年已落地与圣庭医疗的合作,其为CycloneSEQ纳米孔测序国内首家OEM合作商,此外,纳米孔测序在RNA直接测序方面具备天然优势,可有效应用于疫苗厂商mRNA序列质检,目前该领域已有成功案例,杭州序风正持续推进相关领域的研发与业务拓展;在服务商领域,已与贝瑞基因、爱基百客等国内多家合作伙伴开展落地。

I | 责任编辑:孙同怀。
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